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Auger F.M. On the Brink of Civil War: The Canadian Government and the Suppression of the 1918 Quebec Easter Riots
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The Canadian Historical Review, Volume 89, Number 4, December
2008, pp. 503-540 (Article)

Published by University of Toronto Press

This article analyzes the Canadian government’s use of military force to suppress the anti-conscription Easter Riots that occurred in Quebec City between 28 March and 1 April 1918. The riots demonstrated French-Canadian dissatisfaction with the national war effort and the introduction of conscription, and exacerbated nationwide fears that a state of rebellion existed in the French-speaking province of Quebec. The Canadian government’s reaction was immediate and firm; martial law was proclaimed, habeas corpus was suspended, and over six thousand English-speaking soldiers were deployed to Quebec during and after the riots to maintain order and enforce conscription, the last of these troops leaving the province in early 1919. The Easter Riots were extremely violent, causing important destruction of property and over 150 civilian and military casualties, including at least four dead when soldiers opened fire on rioters. This article will demonstrate the extent to which the Canadian government apprehended insurrection in Quebec during the First World War and how determined it was under difficult wartime conditions to prevent the rise of a major national crisis.

Cet article analyse le recours a la force militaire par le gouvernement du Canada pour mettre fin aux emeutes de la conscription survenues a Quebec du 28 mars au 1er avril 1918. Les «emeutes de Paques» traduisent le mecontentement des Canadiens francais a l’endroit de l’effort de guerre et a la conscription et, dans le reste du pays, elles exacerbent les craintes sur l’existence d’une situation de rebellion dans la province francophone. La reponse du gouvernement canadien est immediate et ferme: loi martiale, suspension de l’habeas corpus et deploiement de six mille soldats anglophones au Quebec pour maintenir l’ordre et faire appliquer la conscription. Les derniers soldats quittent la province au debut de 1919. D’une violence extreme, les emeutes de la conscription causent des degats materiels importants et font plus de 150 victimes civiles et militaires, dont au moins quatre morts lorsque des soldats tirent sur les emeutiers. Cet article entend demontrer que les apprehensions du gouvernement canadien quant a la possibilite d’une insurrection au Quebec durant la Premiere Guerre mondiale etaient profondes et qu’il etait determine, dans les conditions difficiles de la guerre, a empecher l’eclatement d’une crise nationale majeure.
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